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BackingApplication of an additional layer to an item to provide support.
Sometimes called lining. Backing is a conservation treatment used on
weakened sheet paper items.
BleachingThe cosmetic whitening or reduction of coloured substances
in an object by the chemical action of an oxidising or reducing agent.
The process is likely to weaken paper, and is rarely recommended to be
used in library and archive preservation.
BleedingThe loss or spreading of colour when coloured paper or ink comes
in contact with water or other solutions. Even very high humidity can
trigger bleeding in some materials, including digital images printed
on some bubblejet ‘photographic’ papers.
BlockingThe joining together of pages of a book to form a solid block.
Likely effect of water damage or high humidity on some coated
papers.
Blocking is less likely to be a problem with modern coated papers.
Blotting paperSoft, unsized paper or board used to absorb moisture.
Blotting paper used in conservation should not be coloured.
Board, cardboardA general term for various pulped or laminated fibrous
materials made into large, flat sheets, thicker and more rigid than paper.
Cardboard is the term in more general use.
Bone folderA very useful small smooth, flat tool made of animal bone
or plastic and used to remove air bubbles, smooth, flatten crease or
ensure adhesion between two materials. Bone folders are typically 150-200mm
long, 2 or 3 mm thick, with one pointed and one rounded end.
Brittle / brittlenessA property or condition of paper or board that
causes failure of the material when it is deformed by bending. Paper
is said to be brittle when a corner will not withstand two complete double
folds.
Buckling / cocklingThe warping and twisting in several directions of,
for example, the covers of a book; a puckered effect caused by excessive
heat or moisture. Wet paper or board will only dry flat if subjected
to some force or pressure, otherwise it will remain crumpled.
Buffer / bufferingA process sometimes used in conjunction with deacidification or during manufacture, when an alkaline material is deposited in paper
in order to neutralise future potential acidity.
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